Abstract

Detecting Signals of Sea Ice Change in the Arctic by Satellite Remote Sensing

(1) Ice type and area analysis
Seasonal and interannual changes of new ice/first year ice/multi year ice will be focussed by using the ice classification and ice age data at UAF. For the thin ice, algorithm by our own, NASA team and University of Washington will be used and combined with the results of SAR and AVHRR.

(2) Ice motion analysis
Sea ice growth/decay occurs due to in situ change and ice transport, however, ice motion data was limited. UAF established the ice motion data set in the Arctic, by using the SAR data, therefore all weather and high spatial resolution data is available. Ice tracking by the microwave radiometer data, which has lower spatial resolution but all weather capability, will be combined for multi-scale analysis of ice motion. This analysis covers ice change mechanism due to dynamic process, then two causes of ice change; thermal and dynamic, can be distinguished.

(3) Associated atmospheric condition
Statistical analysis of large scale ice feature can be compared with the hemispheric atmospheric circulation, but studies of ice deformation and growth/decay process need synoptic analysis for the specific cases. Remote sensing is the important technique for observation of those processes. Changing process of ice area will be focussed. For the snow cover, temperature changes, some procedure of remote sensing (TOVS, SSM/I snow algorithm, SSM/I snow temperature algorithm) , which are independent procedure of the objective weather analysis and the direct measure of the surface and atmosphere by remote sensing, will be used for comparison and also used as an additional data.

Detection and Prediction of Land-Atmosphere Interaction Change Induced by Boreal Forest Fire

Shusun Li, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Sachio Ohta, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
Cathaline Cahill, Geophysical Institute and Dept. of Chemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks　
Satoru Kojima, College of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University
Yongwon Kim, Frontier Observational Research System for Global Change
Satoshi Tsuda, Center for River Basin Environmental Research, Gifu University
Masato Shibuya, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
F. Stuart Chapin III, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Masami Fukuda, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
Kenji Yoshikawa, Water and Environmental Research Center, Inst. of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Larry D., Hinzman, Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks

(1) Prescribed artificial forest burn is conducted on 5th July 1999 at Caribou Poker Creek Water shed(CPCW). Direct observation by Satellite image is planned to conduct for plume and aerosol emission.

(2) Post fire observations of vegetation, hydrological aspects, atmospheric compound are conducted at the site as the ground truth measurement for future remote sensing analysis.

(3) Joint field investigations between permafrost dynamics, forest dynamics and atmospheric compound and remote sensing group are planned to be carried out.

(4) The processes of degradation permafrost, regeneration of forest are planed to monitor on-the-spot in rather long term.

(5) Scale up works of the influence of boreal forest fire in time and space are planned to be conducted by mainly remote sensing group using IARC facility.

(6) Quantitative evaluation of boreal forest fire is established by the overall analyses.

Evaluation of Regional and Temporal Variability of Primary Productivity in the Bering Sea and Adjacent Arctic Ocean Using Multi-sensor Remote Sensing

Naonobu Shiga, School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
Jun Yamamoto, School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
Kosei Sasaoka, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University
Hiroaki Sasaki, Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University
Tsuneo Odate, Marine ecology, National Institute of Polar Research
Akihiro Shiomoto, National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Agency
Hajime Fukushima, Information and Communication Technology, School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University
Mitsuhiro Toratani, Information and Communication Technology, School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University
Kozo Takahashi, Laboratory of Paleoenvironmental Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University
Terry E. Whitledge, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Thomas J. Weingartner, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Knut Stamnes, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Lyn McNutt, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks

We will focus on the following studies of application of mainly OCTS/GLI products.

(1) Study on variability of primary productivity of the Bering Sea and the Chuckchi Sea with consideration on year-to-year variability of ice distribution

(2) Study on variability of primary productivity of Alaskan gyre region(Northeastern North Pacific), and its relation to the primary production in the Bering Sea.

(3) Validation and development of high latitude in-water algorithm and primary production algorithm Validation and development of high latitude atmospheric correction algorithm with consideration of Asian dust effects

Modeling the Dynamics of Volcano Eruption Clouds

Ken Dean, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Jonathan Dehn, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Jeff Tilly, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Carig Searcy, National Weather Service, Anchorage
Saburo Onodera, Narita Office of Japan Airlines
Seiko Yamagata, Japan Weather Association
Kazumi Yamamoto, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba
Masamitsu Hayasaki, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba
Daisuke Nohara, Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba

The dynamics of eruption clouds will be analyzed and modeled using satellite images, atmospheric wind fields, and the Puff tracking model. Satellite images will be used as the control element to which model predictions will be compared. The influence of wind fields, physical variables and eruption conditions will be evaluated and compared to improve the accuracy and the types of information that can be derived from tracking models. Experiments will be conducted using a variety of wind fields as input to the Puff tracking model to evaluate their effect on predicting the location and shape of the clouds. The sensitivity of variables internal to the tracking model, such as dispersion and grain size, and a variety of eruption conditions will also be evaluated. The analyses will use selected data of historical volcanic eruptions where satellite and gridded wind field data are available (1980 - present), that exemplify a variety of eruption and environmental conditions. In addition, the capability of the new hyperspectral satellite data will be evaluated and compared to presently available data to improve the characterization of eruption clouds and to further "tune" the models. We anticipate that this project will provide insight into the elements that control or influence the movement and prediction of eruption clouds and will improve existing tracking models.

Monitoring Volcanic Deformation by SAR Interferometry and GPS Network

Minoru Kasahara, Hokkaido University
Koshun Yamaoka, Research Center for Seismology and Volcanology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
Fumiaki Kimata, Research Center for Seismology and Volcanology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
Shigeki Kobayashi, Earth Observation Research Center, National Space Development Agency of Japan
Akiko Tanaka, Geophysical Research Section, Geophysics Department, Geological Survey of Japan
Max Wyss, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Jeff Freymueller, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Roger Hansen, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks
John Eichelberger, Alaska Volcano Observatory
Hiroaki Takahashi, Hokkaido University
Satoshi Miura, Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
Toshiya Sato, Akita Seismological Observatory, Research Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
Yosuke Miyagi, Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University